mysql innodb deadlock排查和分析

Mysql InnoDB deadlock 相关资料

1. 查询InnoDB锁的整体情况

MySQL [(none)]> show status like 'innodb_row_lock%';
+-------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+
| Variable_name                 | Value      | Description                    |
+-------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+
| Innodb_row_lock_current_waits | 43         |  当前等待row lock的数目          |
| Innodb_row_lock_time          | 2600509530 |  获取row lock花费的总时间,单位毫秒|
| Innodb_row_lock_time_avg      | 47165      |  平均时间                       |
| Innodb_row_lock_time_max      | 51994      |  最大时间                       |
| Innodb_row_lock_waits         | 55136      |  操作等待row lock的数目          |
+-------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+

如果 Innodb_row_lock_waitsInnodb_row_lock_time_avg 比较大,则表明锁竞争比较严重。

see also: 5.1.7 Server Status Variables

2. 分析InnoDB锁的具体情况

MySQL 5.5 中,information_schema 库中新增了三个关于锁的表,innodb_trx、innodb_locks 和 innodb_lock_waits。
其中 innodb_trx 表记录当前运行的所有事务,innodb_locks 表记录当前出现的锁,innodb_lock_waits 表记录锁等待的对应关系。

MySQL [(none)]> use information_schema; 
MySQL [information_schema]> select * from information_schema.innodb_trx;
MySQL [information_schema]> select * from information_schema.innodb_locks;
MySQL [information_schema]> select * from information_schema.innodb_lock_waits;

innodb_trx 表结构:

MySQL [information_schema]> DESC information_schema.innodb_trx;
+----------------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------------------+-------+
| Field                      | Type                | Null | Key | Default             | Extra |
+----------------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------------------+-------+
| trx_id                     | varchar(18)         | NO   |     |                     |       |
| trx_state                  | varchar(13)         | NO   |     |                     |       |
| trx_started                | datetime            | NO   |     | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |       |
| trx_requested_lock_id      | varchar(81)         | YES  |     | NULL                |       |
| trx_wait_started           | datetime            | YES  |     | NULL                |       |
| trx_weight                 | bigint(21) unsigned | NO   |     | 0                   |       |
| trx_mysql_thread_id        | bigint(21) unsigned | NO   |     | 0                   |       |
| trx_query                  | varchar(1024)       | YES  |     | NULL                |       |
| trx_operation_state        | varchar(64)         | YES  |     | NULL                |       |
| trx_tables_in_use          | bigint(21) unsigned | NO   |     | 0                   |       |
| trx_tables_locked          | bigint(21) unsigned | NO   |     | 0                   |       |
| trx_lock_structs           | bigint(21) unsigned | NO   |     | 0                   |       |
| trx_lock_memory_bytes      | bigint(21) unsigned | NO   |     | 0                   |       |
| trx_rows_locked            | bigint(21) unsigned | NO   |     | 0                   |       |
| trx_rows_modified          | bigint(21) unsigned | NO   |     | 0                   |       |
| trx_concurrency_tickets    | bigint(21) unsigned | NO   |     | 0                   |       |
| trx_isolation_level        | varchar(16)         | NO   |     |                     |       |
| trx_unique_checks          | int(1)              | NO   |     | 0                   |       |
| trx_foreign_key_checks     | int(1)              | NO   |     | 0                   |       |
| trx_last_foreign_key_error | varchar(256)        | YES  |     | NULL                |       |
| trx_adaptive_hash_latched  | int(1)              | NO   |     | 0                   |       |
| trx_adaptive_hash_timeout  | bigint(21) unsigned | NO   |     | 0                   |       |
| trx_is_read_only           | int(1)              | NO   |     | 0                   |       |
| trx_autocommit_non_locking | int(1)              | NO   |     | 0                   |       |
+----------------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------------------+-------+

innodb_locks 表结构:

MySQL [information_schema]> DESC information_schema.innodb_locks;
+-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field       | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| lock_id     | varchar(81)         | NO   |     |         |       |
| lock_trx_id | varchar(18)         | NO   |     |         |       |
| lock_mode   | varchar(32)         | NO   |     |         |       |
| lock_type   | varchar(32)         | NO   |     |         |       |
| lock_table  | varchar(1024)       | NO   |     |         |       |
| lock_index  | varchar(1024)       | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| lock_space  | bigint(21) unsigned | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| lock_page   | bigint(21) unsigned | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| lock_rec    | bigint(21) unsigned | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| lock_data   | varchar(8192)       | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

innodb_ lock__waits 表结构:

MySQL [information_schema]> DESC information_schema.innodb_lock_waits;
+-------------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field             | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| requesting_trx_id | varchar(18) | NO   |     |         |       |
| requested_lock_id | varchar(81) | NO   |     |         |       |
| blocking_trx_id   | varchar(18) | NO   |     |         |       |
| blocking_lock_id  | varchar(81) | NO   |     |         |       |
| requesting_thd_id | varchar(18) | NO   |     |         |       |
| blocking_thd_id   | varchar(18) | NO   |     |         |       |
+-------------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3. 参看当前运行的事务

MySQL [(none)]> show processlist; or show full processlist;

4. 模式InnoDB死锁

4.1 数据准备

创建数据表:

CREATE TABLE user(id INT PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(20)) DEFAULT CHARSET utf8 ENGINE = INNODB;

插入数据:

INSERT INTO user(id, name) VALUES(1, 'A');
INSERT INTO user(id, name) VALUES(2, 'B');
INSERT INTO user(id, name) VALUES(3, 'C');

4.2 模拟死锁

4.2.1 事务1开始

mysql> START TRANSACTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> UPDATE user SET name='AA' WHERE id = 1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

查看相关事务记录:

mysql> SELECT * FROM information_schema.innodb_trx \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
                    trx_id: 266782
                 trx_state: RUNNING
               trx_started: 2016-11-23 14:44:53
     trx_requested_lock_id: NULL
          trx_wait_started: NULL
                trx_weight: 3
       trx_mysql_thread_id: 2
                 trx_query: NULL
       trx_operation_state: NULL
         trx_tables_in_use: 0
         trx_tables_locked: 1
          trx_lock_structs: 2
     trx_lock_memory_bytes: 1136
           trx_rows_locked: 1
         trx_rows_modified: 1
   trx_concurrency_tickets: 0
       trx_isolation_level: REPEATABLE READ
         trx_unique_checks: 1
    trx_foreign_key_checks: 1
trx_last_foreign_key_error: NULL
 trx_adaptive_hash_latched: 0
 trx_adaptive_hash_timeout: 0
          trx_is_read_only: 0
trx_autocommit_non_locking: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> SELECT * FROM information_schema.innodb_locks \G
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM information_schema.innodb_lock_waits \G
Empty set (0.00 sec)

4.2.2 事务2开始

锁超时时间设置,默认时间为50s,如果超过50s,则提示ERROR 1205 (HY000): Lock wait timeout exceeded。

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%innodb_lock_wait%';
+--------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name            | Value |
+--------------------------+-------+
| innodb_lock_wait_timeout | 50    |
+--------------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> UPDATE user SET name='AAA' WHERE id = 1;
ERROR 1205 (HY000): Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction

mysql> SELECT * FROM information_schema.innodb_trx \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
                    trx_id: 266783
                 trx_state: LOCK WAIT
               trx_started: 2016-11-23 14:54:32
     trx_requested_lock_id: 266783:172:3:5
          trx_wait_started: 2016-11-23 14:54:32
                trx_weight: 2
       trx_mysql_thread_id: 3
                 trx_query: UPDATE user SET name='AAA' WHERE id = 1
       trx_operation_state: starting index read
         trx_tables_in_use: 1
         trx_tables_locked: 1
          trx_lock_structs: 2
     trx_lock_memory_bytes: 1136
           trx_rows_locked: 1
         trx_rows_modified: 0
   trx_concurrency_tickets: 0
       trx_isolation_level: REPEATABLE READ
         trx_unique_checks: 1
    trx_foreign_key_checks: 1
trx_last_foreign_key_error: NULL
 trx_adaptive_hash_latched: 0
 trx_adaptive_hash_timeout: 0
          trx_is_read_only: 0
trx_autocommit_non_locking: 0
*************************** 2. row ***************************
                    trx_id: 266782
                 trx_state: RUNNING
               trx_started: 2016-11-23 14:44:53
     trx_requested_lock_id: NULL
          trx_wait_started: NULL
                trx_weight: 3
       trx_mysql_thread_id: 2
                 trx_query: NULL
       trx_operation_state: NULL
         trx_tables_in_use: 0
         trx_tables_locked: 1
          trx_lock_structs: 2
     trx_lock_memory_bytes: 1136
           trx_rows_locked: 1
         trx_rows_modified: 1
   trx_concurrency_tickets: 0
       trx_isolation_level: REPEATABLE READ
         trx_unique_checks: 1
    trx_foreign_key_checks: 1
trx_last_foreign_key_error: NULL
 trx_adaptive_hash_latched: 0
 trx_adaptive_hash_timeout: 0
          trx_is_read_only: 0
trx_autocommit_non_locking: 0
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

调整锁超时时间重试:

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%innodb_lock_wait%';
+--------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name            | Value |
+--------------------------+-------+
| innodb_lock_wait_timeout | 50    |
+--------------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> SET innodb_lock_wait_timeout=600;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SET GLOBAL innodb_lock_wait_timeout=600;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%innodb_lock_wait%';
+--------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name            | Value |
+--------------------------+-------+
| innodb_lock_wait_timeout | 600   |
+--------------------------+-------+

1 row in set (0.01 sec)

重新启动死锁测试:

mysql> UPDATE user SET name='AAA' WHERE id = 1;

mysql> show full processlist;
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Id | User | Host      | db   | Command | Time | State    | Info                                    |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
|  2 | root | localhost | test | Sleep   | 1079 |          | NULL                                    |
|  3 | root | localhost | test | Query   |    8 | updating | UPDATE user SET name='AAA' WHERE id = 1 |
|  4 | root | localhost | test | Query   |    0 | starting | show full processlist                   |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from information_schema.innodb_trx\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
                    trx_id: 266785
                 trx_state: LOCK WAIT
               trx_started: 2016-11-23 15:04:15
     trx_requested_lock_id: 266785:172:3:5
          trx_wait_started: 2016-11-23 15:04:15
                trx_weight: 2
       trx_mysql_thread_id: 4
                 trx_query: UPDATE user SET name='AAA' WHERE id = 1
       trx_operation_state: starting index read
         trx_tables_in_use: 1
         trx_tables_locked: 1
          trx_lock_structs: 2
     trx_lock_memory_bytes: 1136
           trx_rows_locked: 1
         trx_rows_modified: 0
   trx_concurrency_tickets: 0
       trx_isolation_level: REPEATABLE READ
         trx_unique_checks: 1
    trx_foreign_key_checks: 1
trx_last_foreign_key_error: NULL
 trx_adaptive_hash_latched: 0
 trx_adaptive_hash_timeout: 0
          trx_is_read_only: 0
trx_autocommit_non_locking: 0
*************************** 2. row ***************************
                    trx_id: 266782    未commit的事务
                 trx_state: RUNNING
               trx_started: 2016-11-23 14:44:53
     trx_requested_lock_id: NULL
          trx_wait_started: NULL
                trx_weight: 3
       trx_mysql_thread_id: 2
                 trx_query: NULL
       trx_operation_state: NULL
         trx_tables_in_use: 0
         trx_tables_locked: 1
          trx_lock_structs: 2
     trx_lock_memory_bytes: 1136
           trx_rows_locked: 1
         trx_rows_modified: 1
   trx_concurrency_tickets: 0
       trx_isolation_level: REPEATABLE READ
         trx_unique_checks: 1
    trx_foreign_key_checks: 1
trx_last_foreign_key_error: NULL
 trx_adaptive_hash_latched: 0
 trx_adaptive_hash_timeout: 0
          trx_is_read_only: 0
trx_autocommit_non_locking: 0
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> select * from information_schema.innodb_locks;
+----------------+-------------+-----------+-----------+---------------+------------+------------+-----------+----------+-----------+
| lock_id        | lock_trx_id | lock_mode | lock_type | lock_table    | lock_index | lock_space | lock_page | lock_rec | lock_data |
+----------------+-------------+-----------+-----------+---------------+------------+------------+-----------+----------+-----------+
| 266785:172:3:5 | 266785      | X         | RECORD    | `test`.`user` | PRIMARY    |        172 |         3 |        5 | 1         |
| 266782:172:3:5 | 266782      | X         | RECORD    | `test`.`user` | PRIMARY    |        172 |         3 |        5 | 1         |
+----------------+-------------+-----------+-----------+---------------+------------+------------+-----------+----------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from information_schema.innodb_lock_waits;
+-------------------+-------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| requesting_trx_id | requested_lock_id | blocking_trx_id | blocking_lock_id |
+-------------------+-------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| 266785            | 266785:172:3:5    | 266782          | 266782:172:3:5   |
+-------------------+-------------------+-----------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

通过 information_schema.innodb_trx 表我们得知 266785执行的是 “UPDATE user SET name='AAA' WHERE id = 1”,上述表表明事务id 266785被事务id 266782 blocked,而事务id 266782这是我们的没有conmmit的事务1。

跨表联合进行查询:

    mysql> SELECT * FROM innodb_locks WHERE lock_trx_id IN (SELECT blocking_trx_id FROM innodb_lock_waits) \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
    lock_id: 266782:172:3:5
lock_trx_id: 266782
  lock_mode: X
  lock_type: RECORD
 lock_table: `test`.`user`
 lock_index: PRIMARY
 lock_space: 172
  lock_page: 3
   lock_rec: 5
  lock_data: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> SELECT innodb_locks.* FROM innodb_locks JOIN innodb_lock_waits ON (innodb_locks.lock_trx_id = innodb_lock_waits.blocking_trx_id) \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
    lock_id: 266782:172:3:5
lock_trx_id: 266782
  lock_mode: X
  lock_type: RECORD
 lock_table: `test`.`user`
 lock_index: PRIMARY
 lock_space: 172
  lock_page: 3
   lock_rec: 5
  lock_data: 1
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

查看 ENGINE INNODB STATUS 表状态:

mysql> SHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
  Type: InnoDB
  Name:
Status:
=====================================
2016-11-23 15:11:05 0x14e9dc000 INNODB MONITOR OUTPUT
=====================================
Per second averages calculated from the last 1 seconds
-----------------
BACKGROUND THREAD
-----------------
srv_master_thread loops: 10 srv_active, 0 srv_shutdown, 1876 srv_idle
srv_master_thread log flush and writes: 1886
----------
SEMAPHORES
----------
OS WAIT ARRAY INFO: reservation count 94
OS WAIT ARRAY INFO: signal count 118
RW-shared spins 0, rounds 611, OS waits 40
RW-excl spins 0, rounds 952, OS waits 2
RW-sx spins 0, rounds 0, OS waits 0
Spin rounds per wait: 611.00 RW-shared, 952.00 RW-excl, 0.00 RW-sx
------------
TRANSACTIONS
------------
Trx id counter 266787
Purge done for trx's n:o < 266781 undo n:o < 0 state: running but idle
History list length 1219
LIST OF TRANSACTIONS FOR EACH SESSION:
---TRANSACTION 281479649524408, not started
0 lock struct(s), heap size 1136, 0 row lock(s)

--------------------------------------------------------------
---TRANSACTION 266785, ACTIVE 410 sec starting index read
mysql tables in use 1, locked 1
LOCK WAIT 2 lock struct(s), heap size 1136, 1 row lock(s)
MySQL thread id 4, OS thread handle 5614206976, query id 86 localhost root updating
UPDATE user SET name='AAA' WHERE id = 1
------- TRX HAS BEEN WAITING 410 SEC FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:
RECORD LOCKS space id 172 page no 3 n bits 72 index PRIMARY of table `test`.`user` trx id 266785 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting
Record lock, heap no 5 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 4; compact format; info bits 0
 0: len 4; hex 80000001; asc     ;;
 1: len 6; hex 00000004121e; asc       ;;
 2: len 7; hex 390000025105b6; asc 9   Q  ;;
 3: len 2; hex 4141; asc AA;;

-------------------------------------------------------------
---TRANSACTION 266782, ACTIVE 1572 sec
2 lock struct(s), heap size 1136, 1 row lock(s), undo log entries 1
MySQL thread id 2, OS thread handle 5604212736, query id 48 localhost root cleaning up

--------
FILE I/O
--------
I/O thread 0 state: waiting for i/o request (insert buffer thread)
I/O thread 1 state: waiting for i/o request (log thread)
I/O thread 2 state: waiting for i/o request (read thread)
I/O thread 3 state: waiting for i/o request (read thread)
I/O thread 4 state: waiting for i/o request (read thread)
I/O thread 5 state: waiting for i/o request (read thread)
I/O thread 6 state: waiting for i/o request (write thread)
I/O thread 7 state: waiting for i/o request (write thread)
I/O thread 8 state: waiting for i/o request (write thread)
I/O thread 9 state: waiting for i/o request (write thread)
Pending normal aio reads: [0, 0, 0, 0] , aio writes: [0, 0, 0, 0] ,
 ibuf aio reads:, log i/o's:, sync i/o's:
Pending flushes (fsync) log: 0; buffer pool: 0
545 OS file reads, 150 OS file writes, 72 OS fsyncs
0.00 reads/s, 0 avg bytes/read, 0.00 writes/s, 0.00 fsyncs/s
-------------------------------------
INSERT BUFFER AND ADAPTIVE HASH INDEX
-------------------------------------
Ibuf: size 1, free list len 0, seg size 2, 0 merges
merged operations:
 insert 0, delete mark 0, delete 0
discarded operations:
 insert 0, delete mark 0, delete 0
Hash table size 34673, node heap has 0 buffer(s)
Hash table size 34673, node heap has 0 buffer(s)
Hash table size 34673, node heap has 0 buffer(s)
Hash table size 34673, node heap has 0 buffer(s)
Hash table size 34673, node heap has 1 buffer(s)
Hash table size 34673, node heap has 0 buffer(s)
Hash table size 34673, node heap has 0 buffer(s)
Hash table size 34673, node heap has 0 buffer(s)
0.00 hash searches/s, 0.00 non-hash searches/s
---
LOG
---
Log sequence number 933573420
Log flushed up to   933573420
Pages flushed up to 933573420
Last checkpoint at  933573411
0 pending log flushes, 0 pending chkp writes
49 log i/o's done, 0.00 log i/o's/second
----------------------
BUFFER POOL AND MEMORY
----------------------
Total large memory allocated 137428992
Dictionary memory allocated 594239
Buffer pool size   8191
Free buffers       7654
Database pages     536
Old database pages 216
Modified db pages  0
Pending reads 0
Pending writes: LRU 0, flush list 0, single page 0
Pages made young 0, not young 0
0.00 youngs/s, 0.00 non-youngs/s
Pages read 497, created 39, written 85
0.00 reads/s, 0.00 creates/s, 0.00 writes/s
Buffer pool hit rate 1000 / 1000, young-making rate 0 / 1000 not 0 / 1000
Pages read ahead 0.00/s, evicted without access 0.00/s, Random read ahead 0.00/s
LRU len: 536, unzip_LRU len: 0
I/O sum[0]:cur[0], unzip sum[0]:cur[0]
--------------
ROW OPERATIONS
--------------
0 queries inside InnoDB, 0 queries in queue
0 read views open inside InnoDB
Process ID=88056, Main thread ID=5577498624, state: sleeping
Number of rows inserted 3, updated 1, deleted 0, read 13
0.00 inserts/s, 0.00 updates/s, 0.00 deletes/s, 0.00 reads/s
----------------------------
END OF INNODB MONITOR OUTPUT
============================

1 row in set (0.00 sec) 

5 解决死锁

mysql > kill 4   #show processlist输出的id编号

参考

  1. 高级InnoDB死锁故障排除,SHOW INNODB STATUS可没有告诉你这些
  2. [MySQL FAQ]系列 — 如何查看当前最新事务ID
  3. 【MySQL】死锁问题分析
  4. InnoDB’s gap locks
  5. 巧用MySQL InnoDB引擎锁机制解决死锁问题
  6. mysql InnoDB锁等待的查看及分析
  7. MySQL 5.5 InnoDB 锁等待

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